In vitro cytotoxic activities of selected Saudi medicinal plants against human malignant melanoma cells (A375) and the isolation of their active principles

Natural products are known to be a continuous source of potential anti-cancer agents due their chemical and biological diversity. This study aimed evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic properties medicinal plants mechanisms action human malignant melanoma cells. The investigated effect extracts on cell cycle, caspase-3/7, apoptosis induction using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, morphological changes lactate dehydrogenase activity 2D migration studies. There were 9 considered promising (GI50 < 30 µg/mL); Haplophyllum tuberculatum (0.45 µg/mL), Plicosepalus curviflorus (4 Capparis decidua (10 Acacia nilotica (11 Aizoon canariense (14 Carissa edulis (15 Pulicaria schimperi (19 µg/mL) Cyperus rotundus (20 Osteospermum vaillantii (21 µg/mL). Cell cycle arrest at S phase was detected cells treated with C. decidua, edulis, H. tuberculatum, P. schimperi. Cellular exposure A. resulted G2/M whereas nilotica, O. elevated sub-G1 population. Caspase-3/7 activated by rotundus, vaillantii. Most effects accompanied externalization phosphatidylserine abnormalities like shrinkage chromatin condensation. Lupeol isolated from justicidin A, B, tuberculatin acetate ursolic acid its as anti-melanoma principles. bio-guided isolation led identifications constituents belonging different classes including lignans, lignan glycosides, triterpenes flavonoids.